| 化粪池是基本的污泥处理设施 |
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| 化粪池是基本的污泥处理设施，同时也是生活污水的预处理设施，它的作用表现在： The septic tank is the basic sludge treatment facility and also the pretreatment facility of domestic sewage. Its functions are as follows: 1、 保障生活社区的环境卫生，避免生活污水及污染物在居住环境的扩散。 1. Guarantee the sanitation of the living community and avoid the diffusion of domestic sewage and pollutants in the living environment. 2、 在化粪池厌氧腐化的工作环境中，杀灭蚊蝇虫卵。 2. To kill mosquito and fly eggs in the working environment of anaerobic decomposition in septic tank. 3、 临时性储存污泥，有机污泥进行厌氧腐化，熟化的有机污泥可作为农用肥料。 3. Temporary storage of sludge, anaerobic decomposition of organic sludge, matured organic sludge can be used as agricultural fertilizer. 4、 生活污水的预处理（一级处理），沉淀杂质，并使大分子有机物水解，成为酸、醇等小分子有机物，改善后续的污水处理。 4. Pretreatment of domestic sewage (primary treatment), precipitation of impurities, and hydrolysis of macromolecular organic matter into acids, alcohols and other small molecular organic matter, improve the follow-up sewage treatment. 工艺原理 Technological principle 化粪池是一种利用沉淀和厌氧发酵的原理，去除生活污水中悬浮性有机物的处理设施， 属于初级的过渡性生活处理构筑物。生活污水中含有大量粪便、纸屑、病原虫...悬浮物固体浓度为 100~350mg/L，有机物浓度CODCr 在100~400mg/L之间，其中悬浮性的有机物浓度BOD5为50~200mg/L。污水进入化粪池经过12~24h的沉淀，可去除50%~60%的悬浮物。沉淀下来的污泥经过3个月以上的厌氧发酵分解，使污泥中的有机物分解成稳定的无机物，易腐败的生污泥转化为稳定的熟污泥，改变了污泥的结构，降低了污泥的含水率。定期将污泥清掏外运，填埋或用作肥料。要求：化粪池 的沉淀部分和腐化部分的计算容积，应按《建筑给水排水设计规范》(GB50015-2003)第4.8.4～4.8.7条确定。污水在化粪池中停留时间宜采用12h~36h。对于无污泥处置的污水处理系统，化粪池容积还应包括贮存污泥的容积。 The septic tank is a treatment facility for removing suspended organic matter from domestic sewage by using the principles of sedimentation and anaerobic fermentation. It belongs to the primary transitional life treatment structure. Domestic sewage contains a large number of feces, paper scraps, pathogens.... The solid concentration of suspended matter is 100-350 mg/L, the organic concentration of CODCr is 100-400 mg/L, and the suspended organic concentration of BOD5 is 50-200 mg/L. Sewage entering septic tank can remove 50%~60% of suspended solids after 12~24 hours of precipitation. Sedimented sludge is decomposed by anaerobic fermentation for more than three months, which makes the organic matter in sludge decompose into stable inorganic matter. The easily corrupted raw sludge is transformed into stable mature sludge, which changes the structure of sludge and reduces the water content of sludge. Sludge is regularly removed and transported, landfilled or used as fertilizer. Requirements: The calculated volumes of sediment and decay parts of septic tanks should be determined in accordance with Article 4.8.4-4.8.7 of the Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage (GB50015-2003). The residence time of sewage in septic tank should be 12h~36h. For sewage treatment systems without sludge disposal, the volume of septic tank should also include the volume of stored sludge |
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