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模具的原材料的控制从下列几方面进行
模具的原材料的控制从下列几方面进行:
The control of the raw material of the die is carried out from the following aspects:
1、宏观检验
1. Macro-examination
化学成分对保证钢材的性能是决定性的，但成分合格，不能全面来说明钢材性能，由于钢材内部组织和成分的不均匀性，宏观检验在很大程度上补充了这方面的不足。
Chemical composition is decisive to ensure the performance of steel, but the composition is qualified, tuogun.07858.net biaozhi.37ix.com.cn huafenchi.07858.net baoding.89ix.com fanghulan.37ix.com.cn www.zhisudai.com which can not fully explain the performance of steel. Because of the heterogeneity of the internal structure and composition of steel, macro-inspection to a large extent complements this deficiency.
宏观检测可以观察钢的结晶情况，钢的连续性的破坏和某些成分的不均匀性。
Macroscopic examination can observe the crystallization of steel, the destruction of continuity of steel and the inhomogeneity of some components.
标准《结构钢的低倍组织缺陷评级图》GB1979
Standard "Rating Chart of Defects in Low Macrostructure of Structural Steel" GB1979
宏观常见8种缺陷:偏析、疏松、夹杂、缩孔、气泡、白点、裂缝、折叠。
There are 8 common macroscopic defects: segregation, porosity, inclusion, shrinkage, bubble, white spot, crack and folding.
模具图片模具图片
Mould picture Mould picture
2.1、退火组织的评定
2.1. Assessment of Annealing Microstructure
退火的目的，降低钢的硬度，便于机加工，同时也为后续的热处理作组织准备。
The purpose of annealing is to reduce the hardness of the steel and to facilitate machining. At the same time, it is also to prepare the structure for subsequent heat treatment.
碳素工具钢退火组织按GB1298第一级别评级图评定。
The annealing structure of carbon tool steel is evaluated according to the first grade grading chart of GB1298.
2.2、碳化物不均匀性
2.2. Carbide inhomogeneity
Cr12型莱氏体钢，组织中含有大量的共晶碳化物，碳化物不均匀性对使用性能产生非常重要的影响，所以对其碳化物的分布必须有严格的控制。
Cr12 type ledeburite steel contains a lot of eutectic carbides in its structure. Carbide inhomogeneity has a very important impact on its performance, so the distribution of carbides must be strictly controlled.
总而言之，由于模具生产厂和车间的生产对象比较繁琐，并且多少又是单件、小批量，从而为模具生产定额的制定和管理带来一定的难度，再加上各厂和车间的生产方式、设备、技术素质又不太一样，所以在制定定额时，必须要根据本厂和车间的实际情况，找出适当的方法制定出既先进又合理的工时定额，以提高劳动生产率的目的。
In a word, because the object of production in the mould factory and workshop is rather complicated, and it is more or less single-piece and small-batch, it brings some difficulties to the formulation and management of the mould production quota. Moreover, the production mode, equipment and technical quality of each factory and workshop are different. Therefore, when formulating the quota, it is necessary to find out the suitable one according to the actual situation of the factory and workshop. When the method is adopted, the advanced and reasonable working hours quota can be worked out to improve labor productivity.
The control of the raw material of the die is carried out from the following aspects:
1、宏观检验
1. Macro-examination
化学成分对保证钢材的性能是决定性的，但成分合格，不能全面来说明钢材性能，由于钢材内部组织和成分的不均匀性，宏观检验在很大程度上补充了这方面的不足。
Chemical composition is decisive to ensure the performance of steel, but the composition is qualified, tuogun.07858.net biaozhi.37ix.com.cn huafenchi.07858.net baoding.89ix.com fanghulan.37ix.com.cn www.zhisudai.com which can not fully explain the performance of steel. Because of the heterogeneity of the internal structure and composition of steel, macro-inspection to a large extent complements this deficiency.
宏观检测可以观察钢的结晶情况，钢的连续性的破坏和某些成分的不均匀性。
Macroscopic examination can observe the crystallization of steel, the destruction of continuity of steel and the inhomogeneity of some components.
标准《结构钢的低倍组织缺陷评级图》GB1979
Standard "Rating Chart of Defects in Low Macrostructure of Structural Steel" GB1979
宏观常见8种缺陷:偏析、疏松、夹杂、缩孔、气泡、白点、裂缝、折叠。
There are 8 common macroscopic defects: segregation, porosity, inclusion, shrinkage, bubble, white spot, crack and folding.
模具图片模具图片
Mould picture Mould picture
2.1、退火组织的评定
2.1. Assessment of Annealing Microstructure
退火的目的，降低钢的硬度，便于机加工，同时也为后续的热处理作组织准备。
The purpose of annealing is to reduce the hardness of the steel and to facilitate machining. At the same time, it is also to prepare the structure for subsequent heat treatment.
碳素工具钢退火组织按GB1298第一级别评级图评定。
The annealing structure of carbon tool steel is evaluated according to the first grade grading chart of GB1298.
2.2、碳化物不均匀性
2.2. Carbide inhomogeneity
Cr12型莱氏体钢，组织中含有大量的共晶碳化物，碳化物不均匀性对使用性能产生非常重要的影响，所以对其碳化物的分布必须有严格的控制。
Cr12 type ledeburite steel contains a lot of eutectic carbides in its structure. Carbide inhomogeneity has a very important impact on its performance, so the distribution of carbides must be strictly controlled.
总而言之，由于模具生产厂和车间的生产对象比较繁琐，并且多少又是单件、小批量，从而为模具生产定额的制定和管理带来一定的难度，再加上各厂和车间的生产方式、设备、技术素质又不太一样，所以在制定定额时，必须要根据本厂和车间的实际情况，找出适当的方法制定出既先进又合理的工时定额，以提高劳动生产率的目的。
In a word, because the object of production in the mould factory and workshop is rather complicated, and it is more or less single-piece and small-batch, it brings some difficulties to the formulation and management of the mould production quota. Moreover, the production mode, equipment and technical quality of each factory and workshop are different. Therefore, when formulating the quota, it is necessary to find out the suitable one according to the actual situation of the factory and workshop. When the method is adopted, the advanced and reasonable working hours quota can be worked out to improve labor productivity.
